Sai dai idan kun kasance gidan yanar gizon kula da yara na yau da kullun ko mai karanta labarin, tabbas ba ku san tarihin ci gaban wuraren shakatawa na nishaɗi a duniya ba.
A wasu kalmomi, dole ne ku goyi bayan matakan tsaro kamar rage tsarin kayan aiki, shimfiɗa matashin nannade, da rage yiwuwar faɗuwar yara daga manyan wurare a wurin shakatawa na yanzu.Koyaya, wasu mutane suna damuwa cewa irin wannan wurin shakatawa mai aminci zai sa yara su gaji.
Wadannan muhawarori kan tsaro da tasirinsa da alama suna da wasu ma'ana don tafiya da zamani, amma a gaskiya, babu wasu sabbin gardama.Domin kuwa an shafe akalla karni guda ana muhawara a kan wadannan batutuwa, bari mu duba tarihin ci gaban dajin nishadi tare da wadannan batutuwa.
1859: Park Amusement Park a Manchester, Ingila
Tunanin barin yara su inganta zamantakewar su da tunani ta wuraren wasan kwaikwayo ya samo asali ne daga filin wasan da ke hade da makarantun sakandare na Jamus.Duk da haka, a gaskiya, filin wasa na farko da ya ba da damar jama'a da kyauta shi ne a wurin shakatawa a Manchester, Ingila a shekara ta 1859. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, filin wasan yana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wurin zama na jama'a kuma an fara gina shi a wasu ƙasashe na duniya. .
1887: Gidan shakatawa na farko a Amurka - Gidan shakatawa na Golden Gate Park a San Francisco
A lokacin, wannan mataki na majagaba ne a Amirka.Wuraren shakatawa sun haɗa da swings, nunin faifai, har ma da keken akuya (kamar kulolin sa, kulolin akuya).Wanda ya fi shahara kuma ya shahara shi ne zagaye na murna, wanda duk an gina shi da "Doric poles" (wannan zagaye na murna ya maye gurbinsa da wani katako na katako a 1912).Zagaye mai ban sha'awa ya shahara sosai har bikin baje kolin duniya da aka gudanar a birnin New York a shekara ta 1939 ya yi nasara sosai.
1898: Wurin Nishaɗi don Ceton Rayuka
John Dewey (Shahararren masanin Falsafa, malami kuma masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam) ya ce: Wasa yana da mahimmanci ga yara kamar aiki.Ƙungiyoyi kamar Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Waje suna fatan cewa yara a yankunan matalauta su ma za su iya shiga filin wasa.Sun ba da gudummawar nunin faifai da na gani ga wuraren da ba su da talauci, har ma sun aika da kwararru don jagorantar yara yadda ake amfani da kayan nishaɗi cikin aminci.Bari yara matalauta su ji daɗin nishaɗin wasa, kuma a taimaka musu girma da haɓaka cikin koshin lafiya.
1903: Gwamnati ta gina wurin shakatawa
Birnin New York ya gina wurin shakatawa na farko na birni - Seward Park Amusement Park, wanda aka sanye da zane-zane da rami yashi da sauran kayan nishaɗi.
1907: Wurin Nishaɗi Ya Tafi Ƙasar (Amurka)
A cikin jawabinsa, shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya jaddada mahimmancin filayen wasa ga yara:
Titunan cikin birni ba za su iya biyan bukatun yara ba.Saboda buɗewar tituna, yawancin wasannin nishaɗi za su keta doka da ƙa'idodi.Bugu da kari, lokacin zafi mai zafi da kuma biranen birni masu yawan jama'a su ne wuraren da mutane za su iya koyon aikata laifuka.Gidan bayan gida shine yawancin turf na ado, wanda kawai zai iya biyan bukatun yara ƙanana.Manya yara suna son yin wasanni masu ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, kuma waɗannan wasanni suna buƙatar takamaiman wurare - wuraren shakatawa.Domin wasanni suna da mahimmanci ga yara kamar makaranta, ya kamata filin wasan ya zama sananne kamar makarantu, ta yadda kowane yaro zai sami damar yin wasa a cikinsu.
1912: Mafarin matsalar tsaro na filin wasa
New York ita ce birni na farko da ya ba da fifiko ga gina wuraren shakatawa da kuma daidaita ayyukan wuraren shakatawa.A lokacin, akwai wuraren shakatawa kusan 40 a birnin New York, musamman a Manhattan da Brooklyn (Manhattan yana da kusan 30).Wadannan wuraren nishadi suna dauke da nunin faifan bidiyo, ganima, swings, wuraren wasan kwallon kwando, da sauransu, wadanda manya da yara kanana ke iya buga su.A lokacin, babu wani littafin koyarwa game da amincin wurin shakatawa.
McDonald's a cikin 1960s: wurin shakatawa na kasuwanci
A cikin 1960s, filin wasan yara ya zama sanannen aikin saka hannun jari.Filin wasan ba zai iya samun kuɗi kawai ba, har ma yana fitar da masana'antun da ke kewaye.Mutane da yawa kuma suna zargin McDonald's saboda ya buɗe wuraren shakatawa da yawa a cikin gidajen cin abincinsa (kusan 8000 kamar na 2012), wanda zai iya sa yara su kamu da shi.
1965: Rushewar filin wasan hangen nesa
An buga wani wurin shakatawa mai zane na musamman - Birnin New York ya yi watsi da filin shakatawa na Adele Levy Memorial Amusement wanda Isamu Noguchi da Louis Kahn suka tsara.
Adele Levy Memorial Amusement Park a Riverside Park, New York City, kuma shine na ƙarshe na aiki a filin wasan da Noguchi ya tsara, wanda aka kammala tare da Louis Kahn.Siffar ta ta sa mutane su sake tunani irin salon wasan.Tsarinsa ya dace da yara na kowane zamani, kuma yana cike da yanayin fasaha: kyakkyawa da jin dadi, amma rashin alheri ba a gane shi ba.
1980: 1980s: shari'ar jama'a da jagorancin gwamnati
A cikin 1980s, saboda iyaye da yara sau da yawa suna yin haɗari a filin wasa, an ci gaba da shari'a.Don magance wannan matsala mai tsanani, samar da masana'antu yana buƙatar bin Dokar Kare Kayayyakin shakatawa na Jama'a (bugu na farko na littafin da aka fitar a cikin 1981) wanda Hukumar Kare Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyaki ta ƙirƙira.Sashen “gabatarwa” na littafin yana karantawa:
"Shin filin wasan ku yana da lafiya? A kowace shekara, yara fiye da 200000 suna shiga cikin ICU ward saboda hadurra a filin wasan, yawancin su suna faruwa ne ta hanyar fadowa daga wani wuri mai tsayi. kayan aikin wasan suna da haɗari masu haɗari "
Wannan littafin yana da cikakkun bayanai, kamar zaɓin wurin wurin shakatawa, kayan aiki, tsari, ƙayyadaddun bayanai, da sauransu na kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a wurin shakatawa.Wannan shine jagorar koyarwa ta farko don daidaita ƙirar wuraren shakatawa.
A shekara ta 2000, jihohi hudu: California, Michigan, New Jersey da Texas sun zartar da Dokar "Amusement Park Design", wanda ke nufin tabbatar da cewa wuraren shakatawa sun fi aminci.
2005: "Ba Gudun Gudu" Wurin Nishaɗi
Makarantu a gundumar Broward, Florida, sun sanya alamun "Ba Gudu ba" a cikin wurin shakatawa, wanda ya sa mutane yin tunani a kan ko wurin shakatawa "na da aminci".
2011: "Filashin Wasan Wasan kwaikwayo"
A New York, wurin shakatawa fiye ko žasa yana komawa zuwa wurin asali.A baya can, yara suna wasa akan tituna.Gwamnatin birnin New York ta ga nau'i iri ɗaya da sanannen "shagon walƙiya" kuma ta buɗe "filin wasan walƙiya" a cikin al'ummomin da ba a kula da su ba: idan ya dace, rufe wani yanki na hanya a matsayin wurin shakatawa, gudanar da wasu ayyukan wasanni, kuma shirya wasu. masu horarwa ko 'yan wasa don shiga tare da jama'a.
New York ta gamsu sosai da sakamakon wannan ma'auni, don haka suka buɗe "filayen wasanni masu walƙiya" 12 a lokacin rani na 2011, kuma sun ɗauki wasu ƙwararru don koya wa 'yan ƙasa yin yoga, rugby, da dai sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-22-2022